The First World War must be brought about in order to permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the Czars in Russia and of making that country a fortress of atheistic Communism. The divergences caused by the 'agentur' (agents) of the Illuminati between the British and Germanic Empires will be used to foment this war. At the end of the war, Communism will be built and used in order to destroy the other governments and in order to weaken the religions. - Albert Pike
There are three sentences in the above quotation.
Pike states that the aim of world war 1 was not for Great Britain to beat Germany but to "permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the Czars in Russia and of making that country a fortress of atheistic Communism". That Great Britain beat Germany was a secondary aim. The fact that Pike refers to the Illuminati rather than the communists overthrowing the Russian monarchy is also of interest. Are the two linked? Indeed they are. The Illuminati instigated the French Revolution, and when that went wrong they escaped to London, changed their name to The Parisian Outlaws, then to The League of the Just, and then to The Communist League.
World War 1 can be condensed into the following sequence of events.
Yes, there were the battles of Ypres, the Somme, Passchendaele etc, but the really important events were 1., which sparked the war, and 3, which took Russia, the most populous participant, out of the war against Germany to be replaced by a fresher and better trained USA. Without 1. the war may not have started in the first place, and without 3. Germany may have reached a peace with Russia resulting in the Russian Monarchy staying in power. As it turned out Germany somehow managed to fight France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and the USA for over 4 years, ending with the Russian proletariat revolting against their Tsar. How could this be arranged to fit so well with Pike's plan?
If the aim of world war 1 was to permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the Czars in Russia, we could ask, was the war prolonged so that the Russian people could be prepared for a revolution? Had there been attempts at revolution in Russia before 1917? If so, who was behind those attempts, and what were they trying to gain?
I have broken up my analysis of World War 1 into three parts; the origin of the war itself, the Bolshevik Revolution and the saving of the Bolshevik Revolution, and The Lusitania. In looking at the origin of the war itself I examine who was really behind the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and why, and who assassinated Rasputin and why. In looking at the Bolshevik Revolution I examine the role of Freemasonry in Russia before 1917, the assassination attempts on Alexander II and the Russian revolutionary terrorists of the 19th Century, and finally the role of Lenin and Trotsky in 1917, who financed them and who really gained from their adventure. In looking at the saving of the Bolshevik Revolution I examine who saved the Bolshevik Revolution during the counter-revolution, and who profited from the vast number of contracts the Bolsheviks awarded to build the fledgling Communist state into a potential world superpower. In looking at The Lusitania I examine how her sinking was provoked and allowed to happen to be used to drag the USA into the war.
The purpose of this chapter is to show that
Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Europe was governed by four powers, Great Britain, France, Russia and Prussia, in an uneasy truce. In the mid 19th century there were revolutions across Europe, except Great Britain and Russia. This series of revolutions was due to the publication of The Communist Manifesto in 1848 in London. In 1871 Prussia became Germany following the unification of several states. Of the major Continental powers Great Britain feared Germany the most, and when Russia and Germany began to discuss building a trans-continental railway network stretching from Berlin to Vladivostock the powers in Great Britain became concerned that the rival powers of Russia and Germany could become larger trading powers than Great Britain. Thus Prince Edward, later King Edward VII, began to isolate Germany with a decade of subtle diplomacy so that if conditions were satisfied Germany and Austria-Hungary would be isolated in a large scale military conflict on the European mainland. Edward's role in isolating Germany was recognised across Europe shortly before World War 1 broke out, but still the German Kaiser went to war. Why? The following are just a few comments made in European newspapers before World War 1.
For long years, King Edward wove, with masterly skill, the Nessus robe that was to destroy the German Hercules. - published in Leipziger Neuste Nachrichten after the death of Edward VII, May 1910.
The king and his councellors have strained every nerve to establish Ententes with Russia and with Italy; and have formed an Entente with France, and as well with Japan. Why? To isolate Germany. - Robert Blatchford, in The Daily Mail 14th December 1909.
Who can fail to receive the impression that a diplomatic duel is being fought out between England and Germany under the eyes of the world. The king of England ... is no longer afraid of appearing to throw the whole influence of his personality into the scales whenever it is a question of thwarting the aims of German policy. The meeting at Gaeta [of Edward VII with the king of Italy] is another fact connected with the burning jealousy between England and Germany. Already people are asking themselves everywhere: `What is the meaning of this continual political labor, carried on with open recklessness, whose object is to put a close ring around Germany? - published in the Vienna-based Neue Freie Presse on 15th April 1907.
Prince Edward was Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) from 1874 to 1901, when he became King Edward VII. Edward was replaced as Grand Master of the UGLE by HRH Arthur, Duke of Connaught, the youngest son of Queen Victoria and thus Edward's youngest surviving brother, who occupied that position from 1901 to 1939. The UGLE have directed events from Great Queen Street, London for centuries.
William Engdahl in Chapter 3 of his A Century of War : Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order studies the economic trends of the pre-war era, and the way in which Edward through the British Government implemented this diplomacy. Engdahl references the following as reasons to cause concern amongst the British elite;
So to Great Britain, the development of a continental railway, beyond the control of the British navy, that could transport the newly discovered oil from the Middle East to Britain's rivals was too much for her.
This analysis concurs with that of the researchers, past and present, at EIR and The American Almanac.
The purpose of this chapter is to show how Germany was tricked into starting the war, and was thus forced into paying huge reparations payments when the war was over, resulting in the terrible economic conditions necessary for a Fascist tyrant such as Hitler to come to power in Germany ready to implement stage 2 of Albert Pike's plan.
The event which is accepted as the spark for World War 1 is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo on 28th June 1914. This was not a random act of violence, but was instead a calculated act of murder designed to set in motion a series of events resulting in a world war in which Germany would be destroyed so that Fascism could replace the German Monarchy in preparation for stage 2 of Albert Pike's plan.
Here is the truth behind that assassination.
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia on 28th June 1914. In Bosnia at that time there was a revolutionary terrorist group called Young Bosnia, which was part of the British Intelligence agent Giuseppe Mazzini's global Young network that had been established nearly a century earlier to destabilise the Central European Monarchies and their empires. The assassin of the Archduke and his wife was called Gavrilo Princip, and he was a member of Young Bosnia. Young Bosnia is a good example of what the Mazzini Young network was all about. Bosnia had been annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1908, and Young Bosnia wanted independence from Austria so that it could join with Serbia. This desire for independence could be manipulated by British Intelligence to tempt and encourage the members of Young Bosnia to perform terrorist acts against Austria-Hungary. This is exactly what happened and would lead to world war as some wanted, for I suspect that Princip etc were duped into killing Ferdinand which would then be used by certain elements to begin a small localised war which would ultimately result by further manipulation in world war as part of Pike's plan. The assassins all had Tuberculosis at the time of the assassination so were already on their way out.
The Archduke went to Sarajevo in his capacity of Inspector General of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces to inspect the Army's summer maneuvers. Several members of Young Bosnia, supplied with weapons by The Black Hand Society, took it upon themselves to show the Austro-Hungarian Empire what they thought of Austria. Another member of Young Bosnia called Nedeljko Cabrinovic attempted to throw a bomb at the Archdukes car, but missed and accidentally blew up the following car. In the chaos the Archduke escaped and it appeared the assassination was doomed to fail due to large crowds blocking access to the Archduke. But the Archduke decided to go to hospital to visit the occupants of the car that had blown up due to the bomb from Cabrinovic. Gavrilo Princip had given up the assassination attempt and had gone to a nearby shop for a sandwich, but he spotted the Archduke driving past him. He ran up to the car and shot the Archduke's wife Sophie and the Archduke himself. Austria blamed the Serbian government due to the involvement of the The BlackHand Society which had strong links to Serbian officers and government officials. Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum that the Serbian government accept responsibility for the assassination and destroy The Black Hand Society and all who had connections to it, and to respond within two days. Serbia accepted most but not all of the points of the ultimatum, and subsequently Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July 1914. Within a week, due to a series of treaties, Europe was split with the major countries either allying with Serbia or Austria. The sequence of events was
This invasion of Belgium by Germany was known as the Schlieffen Plan, drawn up in 1905 by the German Army Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen. Despite being members of the Holy Alliance after The Congress of Vienna France and Russia were members of the Triple Entente with Great Britain. Due to this alliance Germany feared being surrounded and thus drew up plans to quickly take out France should hostilities break out. The plan was to quickly and powerfully invade Northern France in an arcing movement so that Paris was encircled, and thus nullify any threat from France. Minutes from a meeting of the British Imperial Defence Committee in 1911 show that Great Britain was aware of the Schlieffen plan and a counterplan was suggested in which the British Expeditionery Force would be relocated to Northern France. So by 1911 Great Britain was aware that Germany would invade Belgium to try to reach Paris should the correct conditions exist. This counter-plan to the Schlieffen Plan was put into operation on the day that Great Britain declared war on Germany, and the whole of the BEF was quickly and smoothly moved to Northern France and ready for deployment by the 14th August, just ten days after Great Britain declared war on Germany. In fact, The British Army and Navy were mobilized the day before Britain declared war on Germany and before Germany invaded Belgium. The BEF helped the French to stop the German push to Paris at the Battle of the Marne. Is it possible that Great Britain, or elements within Great Britain, provoked the German invasion of Belgium, by creating those conditions and thus be able to lay the blame for the war at Germanys feet? I believe so. Those elements within the British elite could have worked out that the Balkans was the fuse to a war. What evidence is there for this?
The role of Freemasonry in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was revealed at the trial of the assassins. Although there are a number of branches of Freemasonry the ultimate home of Freemasonry is in London, at Freemasons Hall, Great Queen Street (see above) with usually a British Monarch or aristocrat as Grand Master. The current Grand Master, as of March 2008, is the Duke of Kent. As stated above King Edward VII was Grand Master followed by his brother during the two decades immediately before the war. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was aware that the Freemasons wanted him dead, and the plot to assassinate him was known of well in advance in Freemasonic circles throughout Europe as early as 1912! As stated earlier the British were aware of the Schlieffen Plan in 1911. In a publication of 15th September 1912 called Revue Internationale des Societes Secretes edited by Monseigneur Jouin an article contains the following sentence;
Perhaps light will be shed one day on these words of a high Swiss freemason on the subject of the Heir to the throne of Austria: He is a remarkable man; it is a pity that he is condemned, he will die on the steps of the throne.
Light was indeed shone on those words on 28th June 1914.
As stated above Archduke Ferdinand was aware that Freemasonry had condemned him to death. Count Czernin, a former Austrian Premier, in his book "In the World War" writes;
One fine quality in the Archduke [Ferdinand] was his fearlessness. He was quite clear that the danger of an attempt to take his life would always be present, and he often spoke quite simply and openly of such a possibility. A year before the outbreak of war, he informed me that the Freemasons had resolved to kill him. He even gave me the name of the town where the resolution was passed - it has escaped my memory now - and mentioned the names of several Austrian and Hungarian politicians who must have been in [on] the secret.
The trial of Princip and his co-assassins was barely reported due to the out break of war. But some incriminating statements from the assassins regarding Freemasonry's role in the assassination were given under oath at the trial. The following extracts from the testimony show that a number of the assassins were Freemasons, and they were aware that Freemasonry wanted Ferdinand killed but had not found the men to carry out the killing.
Cabrinovic - He (Casimirovic) is a Freemason, even in some degree one of their chiefs. He travelled abroad immediately (after the assassins had offered themselves to carry out the assassination). He went to Russia, France and Budapest. Everytime when I asked Ciganovic how far our projects had advanced he replied that I should know when Casimirovic should return. About this time Ciganovic also told me that the Freemasons had already condemned to death the heir to the throne two years ago, but that they had not found men to carry out their judgement. Later when he gave me the automatic revolver and the cartridges he said, "That man came back last evening from Budapest." I knew that he had made the journey in connection with our undertaking and that he had conferred abroad with certain circles.
Interrogator - Are you not simply spinning a yarn?
Cabrinovic - It is the pure truth and a hundred times truer than your Narodna Odbrana documents.
During a session between Cabrinovic and his defending counsel Premusic the following questions were asked;
Premusic - Have you read the books of Rosic?
Cabrinovic - I have read his treatise on Freemasonry
Premusic - Were these books distributed in Belgrade?
Cabrinovic - I set them in type as a printer
Premusic - Tell me, do you believe in God or anything?
Cabrinovic - No
Premusic - Are you a Mason?
Cabrinovic - (confused after a moments silence and speaking loudly) Why do you ask me that? I cannot answer you on that subject
Premusic - Is Tankosic a Mason?
Cabrinovic - (Again after silence) Yes, and Ciganovic also.
Cabrinovic, during a different Q&A session, admits that Freemasonry did not ask him to carry out the assassination but he was encouraged by the knowledge that Freemasonry had condemned Archduke Ferdinand to death.
Interrogator - Tell me something more about the motives. Did you know before deciding to attempt the assassination that Tankosic and Ciganovic were Freemasons? Had the fact of you and they being Freemasons an influence on your resolve?
Cabrinovic - Yes
Interrogator - Did you receive from them the mission to carry out the assassination?
Cabrinovic - I received from no one the mission to carry out the assassination. Freemasonry had to do with it because it strengthened me in my intention. In Freemasonry it is allowed to kill. Ciganovic told me that the Freemasons had condemned to death the Archduke Franz Ferdinand more than a year before.
Interrogator - Did he tell you that from the very beginning or only after you spoke to him of your wish to carry out the assassination?
Cabrinovic - We had already spoken about Freemasonry but he said nothing to me of the condemnation to death before we had decided to carry out the assassination.
A Q&A session with Princip admitted that he knew Freemasonry wanted Archduke Ferdinand dead, and that several of his co-assassins were Freemasons.
Interrogator - Did you speak about Freemasonry with Ciganovic?
Princip - Why ask me that?
Interrogator - I ask because I must know. Did you speak to him about it or not?
Princip - Yes, Ciganovic told me that he was a Freemason.
Interrogator - When did he tell you that?
Princip - He told me when I was asking about the means of carrying out the assassination. He added that he would speak with a certain person and that he would receive the necessary means. On another occasion he told me that the heir to the throne had been condemned to death in a Masonic lodge.
Interrogator - And are you also a Freemason?
Princip - Why that question? I shall not reply. (After a short silence). No.
Interrogator - Is Cabrinovic a Mason?
Princip - I do not know. Perhaps he is. He told me once that he was going to join a lodge.
The Chancellor of Germany in 1914 was Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, a member of the Bethmann banking family and also a cousin of the Rothschilds. What is perhaps more relevant here is that Bethmann-Hollweg was also a Freemason. During the diplomatic crisis immediately after the assassination it was Bethmann-Hollweg who encouraged Austria to follow a military rather than a diplomatic solution to the crisis between Austria and Serbia. On July 6th Bethmann-Hollweg sent a telegram to the German Ambassador in Vienna that offered a "blank cheque" support for Austria from Germany for whatever action Austria-Hungary chose to take in punishing Serbia. This encouraged Austria to give Serbia an outrageous ultimatum that caused Lord Grey to say that he had "never before seen one State address to another independent State a document of so formidable a character."
Lord Grey made an offer of mediation and suggested that Russia influence Serbia, Germany and Austro-Hungary to reduce tension, and that Austria withdraw the clearly impossible demands, clearly indicating, in public at least, that Great Britain saw no reason for war. However, Lord Grey was a member of "The Circle of Initiates" of Cecil Rhodes's Round Table, and so was far from neutral. In fact King George V had assured his cousin, Prince Henry, the Kaiser Wilhelm's brother, that Britain would not enter the coming war. King George made these assurances after counsel with his trusted advisers. In a letter to President Wilson on October 8, 1914, Kaiser Wilhelm wrote:
"H.R.H. Prince Henry [Wilhem's brother] was received by his Majesty King George V in London, who empowered him to transmit to me verbally, that England would remain neutral if war broke out on the Continent involving Germany and France, Austria and Russia. This message was telegraphed to me by my brother from London after his conversation with H.M. the King, and repeated verbally on the twenty-ninth of July."
So here we have evidence that,
If Great Britain had signalled to Germany that it was prepared to defend France and Belgium, then Germany would not have supported Austria, and then Austria would have sought a diplomatic solution with Serbia, and World War 1 would have been avoided. But instead the British played Germany and Austria, indicating that they would stay out of any war should it break out.
As more evidence that Freemasonry had planned World War 1, Kaiser Wilhelm published his memoirs in 1922, and stated that he was informed by an unnamed "distinguished German Freemason" that the war was designed to destroy the German and Austrian monarchies. I suspect this "distinguished German Freemason" was Bethmann-Hollweg. Wilhelm wrote
I have been informed that an important role was played in the preparation of the war directed against the monarchical central powers by the policy of the international Grand Orient lodge, a policy extending over many years and always envisaging the goal with which it was aimed. The German Grand Lodges, I was furthermore told, with two exceptions in which non-German financial interests are paramount and which maintain secret connection with the Grand Orient in Paris, had no relationship to the Grand Orient. According to the assurance given me by the distinguished German freemason who explained to me this whole interrelationship which, until then, had been unknown to me, they were entirely loyal and faithful. He said that in 1917 an international meeting of the lodges of the Grand Orient was held, after which there was a subsequent conference in Switzerland. There, the following program was adopted: dismemberment of Austria-Hungary, democratization of Germany, elimination of the House of Hapsburg, abdication of the German emperor, restitution of Alsace Lorraine to France, union of Galica with Poland, elimination of the Pope and the Catholic Church, and elimination of every state church in Europe.
So in summary,
But another event occured at exactly the same time that Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated that made world war more probable. That event was the attempted assassination of Rasputin. Rasputin was a regular and influential member of the Romanov court after he had saved the Tsars son from bleeding to death. For this he was held in great esteem by the Tsarina, the wife of the Tsar. Rasputin was aware that hostilities were festering in Europe and warned the Tsar to stay out of it. At the time Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated Rasputin was on holiday in Siberia when he was stabbed violently in the stomach. Rasputin was laid up in bed and close to death, and as such his very strong anti-war influence was absent amidst the cries for war against Austria. Would Rasputin have persuaded the Tsar to follow diplomacy rather than war? Possibly. Rasputin was credited with persuading the Tsar to not go to war in 1913, and had consistently advised the Tsar to avoid fighting over the Balkans. With Rasputin absent from court the Tsar decided to mobilise to defend Serbia, and thus began the sequence of declarations of war that resulted in World War 1, as engineered by Edward VII.
Rasputin survived this first assassination attempt, but not the second. The second attempt is the one that most people are aware of. This is the one in which Rasputin was poisoned and then shot and then thrown into the river due to rumours of his sexual prowess and philandering. But even in this successful attempt on Rasputin's life we find the fingerprints of the British Secret Service. Two British Secret Service agents were involved in this second attempt. They are John Scales and Oswald Rayner. Scales was present at the meeting at which the assassination attempt was finalised. Rayner was a close friend of Yusopov, the man who managed the assassination, and Rayner was also present at the assassination. In fact it was Rayner who shot Rasputin in the head at close range, the kill shot, when it was realised that despite being full of poison and having being shot twice, Rasputin was still alive. This was aired in a BBC Timewatch documentary, Who Killed Rasputin?.
The BBC Timewatch documentary put forward the suggestion that Rasputin was assassinated by the British Secret Service to save British lives and that what Scales and Rayner had done was to be commended. The British, so the documentary suggests, believed that Rasputin had persuaded the Tsar to withdraw from World War 1 to save the Russian Empire. If this had occured then German troops who were fighting the Russians could then have transferred from the Russian front to the French front to fight the Allies in the mud of Flanders. There is some truth to this. However the BBC documentary, as usual, does not tell the whole truth.
Albert Pike's plan was that the Illuminati would overthrow the Russian monarchy and replace it with Communism. There had been an aborted revolution in Russia in 1905 following the Schiff financed 1904-5 war between Russia and Japan, after Schiff's agent George Kennan had been touring Russia inciting revolution. In order for there to be a revolution in Russia, Russia would have to be embroiled in a long and bloody war. World War 1 was that war. If someone with Rasputin's influence had persuaded Tsar Nicholas II to withdraw from the war then all that manipulation by King Edward VII would have been wasted. Thus Rasputin had to be assassinated. This job was given to Rayner and Scales who plotted with Prince Yusupov, a close friend of Rayner, to destroy Rasputin with rumours of his sexual prowess and philandering, and then eventually to murder him with poison and a few bullets.
To show that the "save British lives" argument is bogus I refer to the fact that Trotsky was released from detention at Halifax, Nova Scotia, at the request of William Wiseman, the MI6 Chief of North America. Trotsky en route to Russia had been arrested by the Canadians on suspicion of being a German agent on his way to Russia to instigate a revolution there, and in so doing would cause German troops to move from the Russian front to eventually fight and kill Canadians and British in France and Belgium. A senior MI6 agent such as Wiseman would have known this, but Wiseman still released Trotsky who then joined with Lenin in Russia. For more details on the Bolshevik Revolution see "The Bolshevik Revolution" section. Thus this "save British troops" argument does not stand up. The British elite didn't and still don't give a shit about the common British soldier.
The assassination of Rasputin was to silence him and to remove his powerful anti-war influence on Tsar Nicholas II so that Russia would stay in the war long enough for Lenin to be sent in and the Russian people to be ready to accept the Illuminati overthrow of the Russian monarchy to be replaced with Communism, as proposed by Albert Pike.
The Money Masters in London and Paris probably decided it was time to get rid of the Romanov dynasty as soon as Russian ships docked in San Francisco and New York to help Abraham Lincoln during the 1861 Civil War in the USA. That civil war was planned in London and started by Freemasons to break the USA. The USA had resisted attempts to install a privately-owned central bank and was debt free. By sending the Russian Navy to help Lincoln during the British-Freemasonic manipulated US Civil War, Tsar Alexander II had shown himself to be against the European Money Masters, e.g. the Rothschilds of London and Paris. During that Civil War London and Paris were financing the South, and they also offered to finance Lincoln. Lincoln refused and printed his famous "Greenbacks", government-printed debt-free money acceptable to the government as payment for taxes etc which gave the paper notes a degree of value. After the war Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, who was financed and protected by the bankers of London and Paris. It was also after the US Civil War that assassination attempts began on the life of Tsar Alexander II. These attempts can be traced back to London. Are these assassination attempts the result of Alexander's intervention in the US Civil War? I believe so. Lincoln was assassinated by the London-based bankers, so why not Alexander? Around this time, in the mid-19th Century, in London there was a large community of revolutionaries, particularly Russians, who believed in anarchy and terrorism, who were moving in the same circles as and openly associating themselves with a Freemasonic British Agent terrorist, Giuseppe Mazzini. Why was the British Government allowing these revolutionaries to live freely in London to plan their terrorist operations against other European monarchies if not for the ultimate benefit of Great Britain?
In 1848 The Communist Manifesto was published in London. Very soon afterwards revolutions broke out across Europe. Except in Russia. Copies of The Communist Manifesto were distributed through Freemason lodges. Metternich fled Vienna. Napoleon III took control in France. But Russia remained unscathed and in tact. Freemasonry had played a significant part in the French Revolution. Bakunin, a Freemason himself, and the father of anarchism, acknowledged the part Freemasons played in the French Revolution in a letter entitled "To The Comrades Of The International Workingmen's Association Of Locle And Chaux-De-Fonds" published in the journal El Progress in 1869, in which he lamented the dearth of worthy Freemasons who could continue the world revolution. In that letter Bakunin said,
...In this epoch the bourgeoisie too had created an international association, a universal and formidable one, Freemasony. It would be a substantial error to judge the Freemasonry of the last century, or even that of the first part of the present century, by what it is today. The bourgeois institution par excellence, Freemasonry, in its development, in its growing power at first and later in its decadence, represented in a way the development, power and moral and intellectual decadence of the bourgeoisie. Today, fallen to the sad position of a senile old intriguer, it is a useless, sometimes malevolent and always ridiculous nullity, whereas, before 1830 and especially before 1793, having gathered together at its core, with very few exceptions, all the minds of the elite, the most ardent hearts, the proudest spirits, the most audacious personalities, it had constituted an active, powerful, and truly beneficial institution. It was the energetic incarnation and implementation of the humanitarian ideal of the eighteenth century. All those great principles of liberty, equality and fraternity, of reason and human justice, elaborated theoretically at first by the philosophy of that century, became in the hands of the Freemasons practical dogmas and the foundations of a new moral and political program, the soul of a gigantic enterprise of demolition and reconstruction. In that epoch, Freemasonry was nothing less than the universal conspiracy of the revolutionary bourgeoisie against the feudal, monarchical and divine tyranny. It was the International of the bourgeoisie. It is known that all the principal actors of the first revolution [the French Revolution 1793] were Freemasons, and that when this revolution broke out it was able to find, thanks to Freemasonry, friends and devoted and powerful collaborators in all other countries, a fact that was assuredly of great help in its victories. But it is equally clear that the triumph of the revolution killed Freemasonry, for once the revolution had largely fulfilled the aspirations of the bourgeoisie, and had enabled it to displace the old nobility, the bourgeoisie went on quite naturally, after having been an exploited and oppressed class for such a long time, to become in its turn a privileged class, a class of exploiters, oppressive, conservative and reactionary in nature, the most reliable friend and supporter of the State. After the coup d'Etat of the first Napoleon, Freemasonry became an imperial institution throughout a large part of the European continent.
Freemasons themselves boasted of the success of the French Revolution. This is partially what Freemasonry is for. Freemasonry was formally established in 1717 in London, and universal Freemasonry is beholden to London. Revolution was a tactic for destabilization by British Intelligence and for the imposition of new rulers who could be controlled, or were more amenable to British interests.
Masonic sources say that Freemasonry in Russia was established when Merchant Captain John Phillips was appointed by the Grand Lodge of England as the Provincial Grand Master of Russia in 1731. Phillips was followed by General James Keith in 1740. In 1782 the Freemason Conference at Wilhelmsbad saw the amalgamation of Freemasonry with the Illuminati, an organization identified by the Bavarian government in 1786 as wanting to take over the world through what is today know as Revolutionary Communism. I G Schwarz attended that conference, and returned to Russia to form a breakaway Freemasonic lodge, which came to dominate Freemasonry in Russia.
Even before 1848 Freemasonry attempted to overthrow the Romanovs. Alexander I banned Freemasonry from Russia in 1822 after he was persuaded by European Royalty of its dangers, even though he was a Freemason himself. Alexander died in 1825 and was replaced by Nicholas I. A Grand Orient Freemason Pavel Ivanovich Pestel had been conspiring to overthrow the Romanovs and unite all of the Slavic nations under one federal republic. Pestel's plan was for this to occur in 1829, but the ascent of Nicholas to the throne hastened the plan, when some confusion arose over who was temporarily in control before Nicholas was sworn in. Through December 1825 Pestel executed his plan, but failed, and the leaders in the plot, called The Decemberists and all Freemasons, were caught and subsequently executed. Nicholas then severely repressed Freemasonry in Russia, an official policy which continued until the end of the 20th century. The Freemasonic magazine New Age reported in February 1945,
After 1825 many Russian Masons exiled themselves to France where lodges operating in the Russian language were sponsored by atheistic Grand Orient Freemasonry. Some of the exiles later returned to Russia, and organized lodges in St. Petersburg and Moscow...and had 'an avowedly political aim and view; namely, that of the overthrow of the autocracy.
Nicholas I died in 1856 and Alexander II came to the throne. Alexander II was a reformer and began giving the Russian people more power and freedom, and to build up Russia's infrastructure and economy.
But then Alexander sent his Navy to the USA to help Lincoln during the US Civil War...
By 1866 Freemasonry had been banned in Russia for 44 years, and there had not been any attempt at revolution or any assassination attempt on the life of a Russian Monarch since Freemason Pestel in December 1825. But then in 1866, a year after the US Civil War, Dimitri Karakozov tried to shoot Alexander II as Alexander was about to board his horse-drawn carriage, but failed. Karakozov had come under the influence of his cousin Ishutin, who was also arrested as a conspirator in the failed assassination. Ishutin had formed a terrorist group called "Hell", and Karakozov was a member. Ishutin's hero was Chernyshevsky, who at the time of Karakozov's failed assassination attempt was imprisoned, and Ishutin planned to help Chernyshevsky to escape. In 1860 Chernyshevsky had created Young Russia, which was a member of the Young terrorist network of the British Intelligence agent and Freemason Giuseppe Mazzini. The aim of Young Russia was
"...a bloody and implacable revolution, which shall radically change the whole foundation of contemporary society."Chernyshevsky is considered to be the co-founder of Narodism along with Alexander Herzen. In 1852 Herzen moved to London and from there published revolutionary journals called "The Polar Star", "Voices From Russia" and "The Bell". This may sound odd because in 1848 a series of revolutions had taken place across Europe, and yet there they were congregating in London!? However the series of revolutions in 1848 was masterminded out of London. The Communist League and their The Communist Manifesto were each created in London. Herzen was aided by the Rothschilds in getting his fortune out of Russia. Mikhail Bakunin joined Herzen in London in 1861 and they both worked on "The Bell", which was smuggled into Russia from London. Bakunin had participated in several revolutions, and was the spiritual guru of a pro-terrorist organization called Zemlya i volya ("Land and Liberty"). Herzen and Mazzini were friends, moved in the same social circles, and defended Freemason Bakunin. This is the atmosphere with which Karakozov was associated: a London-centred terrorist and revolutionary network.
In April 1879 Alexander Soloviev also tried to shoot Alexander II, but Alexander saw Soloviev and ran away. The terrorist organization Zemlya i volya ("Land and Liberty") claimed responsibility. In August 1879 "Land and Liberty" split into the pro-terrorism Narodnaya Volya ("The Peoples Will"), which most members of Zemlya i volya joined, and the anti-terrorism Chernyi Peredel ("Black Partition"). This attempt on Alexander's life was one in a series of terrorist attacks on the Russian power system by Zemlya i volya and its splinter group Narodnaya volya, which would ultimately lead to the persecution of Jews in Russia. In December 1879 "The People's Will" tried to assassinate Alexander by blowing up his train, but failed. In February 1880 Khalturin built a mine with dynamite smuggled into the Winter Palace. The mine was placed in the room under the dining hall and timed to detonate when Alexander was expected to be at dinner, but the guest of that evening was late. Alexander survived but tens of people were killed or injured. "The Peoples Will" then contacted the Russian Government and proposed that they would stop their terrorist campaign if Alexander would provide free elections and stop censorship. In response Alexander announced he would consider granting a constitution and tasked Loris-Melikof with designing the constitution. "The People's Will" were not happy with the final proposal from Loris-Melikof and planned another attempt on Alexander's life.
On 13th March 1881 "The People's Will" finally succeeded in assassinating Alexander II, but at a heavy price. Their leadership was virtually wiped out during the assassination. But did the Russian proletariat rejoice and rise up and rebel? Er, no.
So where did this terrorism in Russia come from? Who first proposed it, when, and who propagated it? I believe it was Chernyshevsky in 1863 in his book What is to be done?. Lenin said that Chernyshevsky's "What is to be done?"
"...captivated my brother, and captivated me...It transformed me completely."and that Chernyshevsky
"...not only demonstrated the necessity for every correctly thinking and really honest man to become a revolutionary, but also showed – even more importantly – what a revolutionary should be like, what his principles should be, how he must achieve his goals, what methods and means he should employ to realise them."
Lenin would also write a pamphlet in 1902 called What is to be done?. As stated it was Chernyshevsky who created Young Russia in 1860, for "a bloody and implacable revolution", as part of Mazzini's Young revolutionary terrorist network which was designed to terrorize and assassinate European royalty and to generally cause chaos and destabilization across Europe, except in Great Britain of course, so that Great Britain could gain dominance.
The assassination of Alexander II brought Alexander III to the throne of Russia. He and most of Russia blamed the Jews for the assassination of Alexander II. What evidence is there for this accusation? \newline - Narodnaya Volya who carried out the several assassination attempts was created when its parent Zemlya i volya split in 1879. Zemlya i volya was created by Mark Natanson, a Jew. \newline - Two of the assassins were Jews: Grinevetsky, who was the one who actually killed Alexander, and Helfmann, who allowed the plot to be conceived, and stored the explosives, in her house. \newline So there is some evidence of Jewish involvement, but not that the plot itself was Jewish. But this did not stop the Russians blaming the Jews.
Alexander II had embarked on a series of reforms. Alexander III saw that this had not worked because his brother had been blown up. So Alexander III began to roll back the reforms of his brother and intorduced the May Laws, which made life very hard for Jews in Russia. Again Narodnaya Volya planned to assassinate the Tsar, but on 1st March 1887 the conspirators were arrested. Among them was Aleksandr Ulyanov, Lenin's brother. Ulyanov and four others were sentenced to death and hanged on 8th March 1887. Alexander III's persecution of the Jews began the mass immigration of Russian Jews into Palestine (which also, knowingly or unknowingly, aided Pike's plan). Alexander III died on 20th October 1894, and was succeeded by his son Nicholas II, who was to become the last of the Romanovs to rule Russia.
Before the successful revolutions of 1917 there was an aborted revolution in 1905. This revolution was provoked by the Russo-Japanese war that was financed by Jacob Schiff, who loaned the Japanese $200 million. The Rothschilds did not finance Japan during the war, but did finance Japan immediately after it in partnership with the Warburgs and Schiff. The French Rothschilds financed Russia, but not to anywhere near the same degree that Schiff financed Japan. Schiff's agent George Kennan had also been touring Russia well before 1905 trying to provoke a revolution. Schiff was honoured by Japan with the Second Order of the Sacred Treasures. Trotsky was intimately involved in the 1905 revolution, becoming President of the First Soviet Council in St. Petersburg, and wrote a book about his experience, entitled The Year 1905. Trotsky states,
The revolution of 1905 grew directly out of the Russo -- Japanese war, just as the revolution of 1917 was the direct outcome of the great imperialist slaughter.Trotsky does not mention how the 'revolutionaries' were financed. The quote above does show the deliberate intentions of the Russo-Japanese War, and the bloody purpose of World War 1. Eustace Mullins in Murder By Injection cites US Congressional testimony in which it was revealed that the Rockefellers financed Trotsky and Lenin to instigate the 1905 Revolution. In his book on 1905, Trotsky constantly refers to the quantity of arms the peasants were able to procure, without revealing any source of finance. On 13th July 1918 the journal American Hebrew published a report dated 3rd January 1906 from the Russian Foregn Minister to Tsar Nicholas II regarding the 'international' influence on the 1905 revolution.
"The events which took place in Russia in 1905...plainly indicate that the revolutionary movement ...has a definite international character...the revolutionaries possess great quantities of arms imported from abroad and very considerable financial means...one is bound to conclude that there are foreign capitalists' organisations interested in supporting our revolutionary movement. If we add to the above that, as has been proved beyond any doubt, a very considerable part is played by Jews...as ringleaders in other organisations as well as their own...always the most bellicose element of the revolution...we may feel entitled to assume that the above-mentioned foreign support of the Russian revolutionary movement comes from the Jewish capitalist circles".
You will now see that this accusation is not far wrong, for the Jew Jacob Schiff takes great personal credit for the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, having already financed the Russo-Japanese War to provoke the failed 1905 Revolution.
In 1917 the down-trodden and destitute Russian working class threw off their chains, successfully revolted against their cruel, heartless Romanov masters, and killed them, or so the story goes. This is not the whole truth. There is a lot more to this revolution, and it indicates that what happened in Russia in 1917 and before was a coup d'etat by the Anglo-American Establishment using paid agents of Germany(!) to overthrow the Russian Monarchy. This may sound odd, but please read the evidence below.
So what did happen, and who financed it?
Let's go back in time to 1917. The world was three years into the worst war it had known. Millions of men were fighting and killing each other. At that time Russia was an ally of Great Britain in this Great War. Russia was keeping Germany occupied on Germany's Eastern Front, while Great Britain and France, shortly to be joined by the USA, were keeping Germany occupied on Germany's Western Front in the fields of Belgium and France.
The two men we associate with the Bolshevik Revolution are Lenin and Trotsky. At the beginning of 1917 Lenin was living in exile in Switzerland, and Trotsky was living in New York, USA. How did these two revolutionaries get to Russia to take control?
Lenin was living in exile in Switzerland. He travelled to Russia on a sealed train along with about 20 Bolsheviks. The plan was devised and executed by the German General Staff and without the knowledge of the Kaiser, who was only told of the plan after Lenin had entered Russia. Germany had been contemplating using the Bolsheviks to undermine Russia from within since the beginning of the war, even printing some of Lenin's work on German Navy paper and smuggling it into Russia. But in 1917 Germany went that one step further and actually cooperated with Lenin and allowed him to travel through Germany on a sealed train. The official in the German government who had the final decision on the plan was Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, a Freemason, a cousin of the Rothschilds and the man who had encouraged Austria to pursue a military solution to the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Another Rothschild link is that Max Warburg was the head of German Intelligence, and was also director of the MM Warburg Bank, who were bankers to the German government. But more importantly he was the brother of Paul Warburg, the godfather of the Federal Reserve who had been paid by Kuhn, Loeb & Co. to lobby for the Federal Reserve. Their other brother Felix Warburg had married the daughter of Jacob Schiff, the senior partner in Kuhn, Loeb & Co. So Schiff and the Warburgs were a cosy little extended family, all very wealthy and in powerful positions, spread across the oceans and were, officially at least, supposed to be at war with each other. Actions indicate otherwise. Lenin and company arrived at Stockholm and were met by Ganetsky. Lenin's journey was known of by the French and the British, who asked the Russian government that Lenin not be permitted entry into Russia. These requests were denied on the grounds that Lenin and his party would tarnish the image of the Bolsheviks already in Russia because the help Lenin and his colleagues had received from Germany could be easily used against them to accuse the Bolsheviks of treacherous behaviour while Russia was at war with Germany. This proved to be the case, and Lenin and the Bolsheviks were despised and ridiculed during Lenin's first weeks in Russia. But Lenin persisted, arguing and speaking at factories etc, and he built up the main Bolshevik paper Pravda to spread his ideas and comments. When Lenin became a threat to the Provisional government Lenin and some of his comrades were formally accused of treachery and warrants for their arrest were issued. Lenin escaped to Finland, but eventually found his way back into Russia in October 1917. By this time the Russian General Kornilov, in charge of the Russian Army, asked Kerensky to hand power to him so he could destroy the Soviets. Kerensky refused, and Kornilov marched on St Petersburg. This caused a lot of confusion which Lenin insisted must be used by the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks had a degree of support in the military and general population, so they capitalised on the confusion in St Petersburg and siezed control.
The formal charges levelled against Lenin were never enforced by Freemason Kerensky, who fled Russia and lived the rest of his life in New York, USA. The evidence against Lenin, suggesting he was a German agent, was never presented in court. But documentation discovered later in German government archives indicates that Lenin was the focus of a German operation, and some of his contacts and financiers received substantial funds from the German government. This was shown in German Foreign Office Documents on Financial Support to the Bolsheviks in 1917 by George Katkov, published in International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 1956), pp. 181-189. Katkov quotes two of the documents.
Whether Lenin was an official German agent, or was just used by Germany, or agreed to be used, we cannot be sure. But an intelligent man such as Lenin could, and should, have asked himself where all the money came from to build Pravda when he was so despised and ridiculed across the whole of the Russian population, civilian and military. Michael Pearson in The Sealed Train also questions why Lenin took a break allegedly due to ill health, when he was not that ill and the Bolsheviks seemed to hold their destiny in their own hands. The break seemed to be timed so as to allow a devastating German offensive to break Russian morale which could then be capitalised upon by the Bolsheviks to encourage a revolution. Kerensky made this allegation against Lenin a number of times in the autumn days of his government. Surely Lenin, who had initiated the contact with the Germans, must have known that his actions were beneficial to Germany?
Trotsky was living in New York, USA. His only source of income was from writing occasional articles and giving occasional lectures. He was also co-editor of Novy Mir. As Trotsky states in biography, My Life,
In New York, where I stayed for two months, the newspapers had me engaged in any number of occupations, each more fantastic than the one before. If all the adventures that the newspapers ascribed to me were banded to gether in a book, they would make a far more entertaining biography than the one I am writing here. But I must disappoint my American readers. My only profession in New York was that of a revolutionary socialist. This was before the war for “liberty” and “democracy,” and in those days mine was a profession no more reprehensible than that of a bootlegger. I wrote articles, edited a newspaper, and addressed labor meetings. I was up to my neck in work, and consequently I did not feel at all like a stranger. ...We rented an apartment in a workers’ district, and furnished it on the instalment plan. That apartment, at eighteen dollars a month, was equipped with all sorts of conveniences that we Europeans were quite unused to: electric lights, gas cooking-range, bath, telephone, automatic service-elevator, and even a chute for the garbage. These things completely won the boys over to New York. For a time the telephone was their main interest; we had not had this mysterious instrument either in Vienna or Paris.On hearing the news of revolution in Petrograd, Trotsky began to quickly arrange his return to Russia.
When I telephoned my wife from the newspaper office that Petrograd was in the midst of revolution, the younger boy was in bed with diphtheria. He was nine years old, but he realized definitely – and had for a long time – that revolution meant an amnesty, a return to Russia and a thousand other blessings. He jumped to his feet and danced on the bed in honor of the revolution. It was a sign of his recovery. ...On March 25 I called at the office of the Russian Consul-General in New York. By that time the portrait of Czar Nicholas had been removed from the wall, but the heavy atmosphere of a Russian police station under the old regime still hung about the place. After the usual delays and arguments, the Consul-General ordered that papers be issued to me for the passage to Russia. In the British consulate, as well, they told me, when I filled out the questionnaire, that the British authorities would put no obstacles in the way of my return to Russia. Everything was in good order.
Trotsky left the USA bound for Russia on board the SS Kristianiafjord. This ship was stopped at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Trotsky and several other passengers were arrested by Canadian Police suspected of being German agents. Trotsky was carrying $10,000. Where did he get the money? The source of this $10,000 was believed to be from the German government, but author Eustace Mullins, citing Congressional testimony, claims it came from the Rockefellers. Accompanying Trotsky was Lincoln Steffens, a known Communist and Rockefeller agent, and Charles Crane, a backer and former chairman of the Democratic Party's finance committee (so he was in contact with Woodrow Wilson), Vice President of the Crane Company, and who had organized the Westinghouse Company in Russia.
Trotsky was arrested suspected of being a German agent. Canada, as a member of the Commonwealth, was fighting with Great Britain against Germany. The Canadians rightly thought that if Trotsky could secure a successful revolution in Russia then Russia would withdraw from the war, leaving Germany to focus on its western front where the Canadians and British were fighting Germany in the mud of Flanders and Northern France. In 1918 Lieutenant Colonel John Bayne Maclean published an article in his own magazine Maclean's entitled Why Did We Let Trotsky Go? How Canada Lost an Opportunity to Shorten the War. Maclean was a well respected publisher and military officer with excellent connections to Canadian Military Intelligence. Maclean wrote,
Originally the British found through Russian associates that Kerensky, Lenin and some lesser leaders were practically in German pay as early as 1915 and they uncovered in 1916 the connections with Trotsky then living in New York. From that time he was closely watched by... the Bomb Squad. In the early part of 1916 a German official sailed for New York. British Intelligence officials accompanied him. He was held up at Halifax; but on their instruction he was passed on with profuse apologies for the necessary delay. After much manoeuvering he arrived in a dirty little newspaper office in the slums and there found Trotsky, to whom he bore important instructions. From June 1916, until they passed him on [to] the British, the N.Y. Bomb Squad never lost touch with Trotsky. They discovered that his real name was Braunstein and that he was a German, not a Russian.
This apparent contact with German officials lends credence to the claim that Trotsky was a German agent, and that Germany was the source of the $10,000 Trotsky had on him when he was arrested at Halifax. I shall go into German espionage funds in the USA later.
Regarding Trotsky's release, Maclean wrote that Trotsky was released,"at the request of the British Embassy at Washington . . . [which] acted on the request of the U.S. State Department, who were acting for someone else."
This claim that Great Britain allowed the release of Trotsky is backed up by Antony C Sutton who examined the documentation of the Canadian Government on this matter. Sutton states that The order to [Captain] Makins for Trotsky's release originated in the Admiralty, London.
So it would appear that someone asked (or ordered?) the US State Department to ask the British Admiralty to tell its colony Canada to release Trotsky and his colleagues to continue the Bolshevik Revolution. Who could that someone be? Who has the power to ask the State Department to do something and for the State Department to acquiesce? And why would someone with such power want Trotsky and his colleagues to go to Russia? Did that someone know Trotsky's business?
Maclean also wrote that Canadian officials "were instructed to inform the press that Trotsky was an American citizen travelling on an American passport; that his release was specially demanded by the Washington State Department."
So where did Trotsky and his friends get their American passports?
What does Trotsky have to say about all this? Trotsky decribes his version of his arrest, detention and release in Chapter XXIII of My Life. In that chapter Trotsky claims that he had no German money on him at the time of his arrest, and asks Sir George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, to state where it is. Buchanan later stated he knew nothing of any German money. This was because the British embassy in Petrograd had issued an official statement to the Petrograd press that the Russians who had been arrested in Canada were travelling "under a subsidy from the German embassy, to overthrow the Provisional Russian government." In reply to Buchanan's allegation, in the 6th April 1917 edition of Lenin's Pravda, Lenin wrote,
Can one even for a moment believe the trustworthiness of the statement that Trotsky, the chairman of the Soviet of Workers’ Delegates in St. Petersburg in 1905 – a revolutionary who has sacrificed years to a disinterested service of revolution – that this man had anything to do with a scheme subsidized by the German government? This is a patent, unheard-of, and malicious slander of a revolutionary. From whom did you get your information, Mr. Buchanan? Why don’t you disclose that? Six men dragged Comrade Trotsky away by his legs and arms, all in the name of friendship for the Provisional Russian government!
Can we believe this? I don't. Lenin's relationship with German Intelligence is beyond doubt (see above).
Trotsky also believed that Miliukoff, the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Provisional Government, was ultimately responsible for his arrest and detention, and believes that his release was due to pressure applied to Miliukoff by the Soviet.
The Overman Committee failed to discover the source of the $10,000 Trotsky had on him. During the time when this money was raised in testimony by Colonel Hurban to the committee Senator Overman seemed uninterested in its source and failed to discover the source. However several sources indicate that the money was of German origin. Antony C Sutton again quoting official sources states,
An amount of $10,000 of German origin is also mentioned in the official British telegram to Canadian naval authorities in Halifax, who requested that Trotsky and party en route to the revolution be taken off the S.S. Kristianiafjord (see page 28). We also learn from a British Directorate of Intelligence report that Gregory Weinstein, who in 1919 was to become a prominent member of the Soviet Bureau in New York, collected funds for Trotsky in New York. These funds originated in Germany and were channeled through the Volks-zeitung, a German daily newspaper in New York and subsidized by the German government.
So, where did the money come from?. The answer is that the Bolshevik Revolution was financed by Germany, and not surprisingly also financed out of London and New York. Why would Germany, the USA and Great Britain jointly finance the Bolshevik Revolution? This is not the exact question that should be asked. The exact question that should be asked is, why would certain circles in Germany, the USA and Great Britain jointly finance the Bolshevik Revolution? Those circles were centred around the Warburgs (USA and Germany), Rothschilds (Great Britain, USA, Germany), and Schiff (USA, Germany). These families coordinated actions across national borders, even though the countries to which they belonged were actually at war.
So how did this money get from Germany, the USA and Great Britain to the Bolsheviks?
It could be argued that Tsar Nicholas II financed his downfall himself. He transferred hundreds of millions of dollars into several Wall Street banks during 1917. I shall show below that these same banks were then transferring some, but not all, of that money back into Russia to support the Bolsheviks. This Bolshevik Revolution is a very bizarre story. You must also consider that there is some controversy over whether the Romanovs were actually murdered. David Icke's thesis is that all the Royal families and the leaders in politics, military, banking, industry etc are all from the same bloodline. So what if the Romanovs were not killed, but were part of this conspiracy? Would it not make sense to transfer a substantial amount of money into the banks owned by your bretheren, who would then use it to finance your downfall, and at some point in time you would escape but leave some evidence to suggest you had been murdered and live out the rest of your life in luxury behind a 20ft security wall somewhere e.g. Portugal? Or did Nicholas transfer this money as a bribe/payoff to stop the revolution? If so did he not realise that by doing so he could well be paying for the revolution himself? It's something to think about.
Antony C Sutton in his book Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution reveals some of the channels for the funding for the Bolshevik Revolution, and shows that Wall Street played a decisive role in the Bolshevik Revolution.
It was not until the Bolsheviks had received from us a steady flow of funds through various channels and under varying labels that they were in a position to be able to build up their main organ Pravda, to conduct energetic propaganda and appreciably to extend the originally narrow base of their party. - Von Kühlmann, minister of foreign affairs, to the kaiser, December 3, 1917
A conduit of funds from Germany to the Bolsheviks was found by the Kerensky government. Colonel B. V. Nikitine, in charge of counterintelligence for the Kerensky government, found twenty nine telegrams transmitted from Stockholm to Petrograd, and vice versa, regarding German financing of the Bolsheviks. These telegrams refer to Nya Banken in Stockholm and the Russo-Asiatic Bank in Petrograd. Nya Banken was owned by Olof Aschberg, named "The Bolshevik Banker", and was blacklisted in 1918 by the Allies for its espionage activities on behalf of Germany. Russo-Asiatic Bank was owned by Nya Banken and Morgan's Guaranty Trust. The sender of the funds in Stockholm was Furstenberg (aka Ganetsky), and the recipient in Petrograd was Alexander Israel Helphand (aka Parvus). These two were not only intimately involved with the German financing of the Bolsheviks but were also instrumental in the German operation to get Lenin from Switzerland into Russia on the sealed train. Aschberg himself admitted to Michael Furtell shortly before Aschberg's death that Nya Banken was a conduit for German funds to the Bolsheviks, and also admitted so in his memoirs. So what did Aschberg have to gain from this? In 1922 Soviet Russia created its first international bank, Ruskombank, to facilitate trade between Russia and Europe and Russia and the USA, i.e. for British and American firms to sell their goods in the vast and now open Russian market. Aschberg headed Ruskombank, and it's main source of capital was £3 million from the British government, by far the largest initial investment in the bank. Max May of Morgan's Guaranty Trust joined as Director of the Foreign Division of Ruskombank.
In 1919 The Overman Committee was formed to look into the Bolshevik Revolution. Testimony by Karl Heynen, a German official working in the USA to help with the financial and commercial affairs of the German government in the USA, revealed a number of loans raised by Wall Street for Germany. Kuhn, Loeb & Co raised a $400,000 loan in September 1914. Morgan's Chase National Bank raised $3 million. These loans were used for German espionage activities in the USA. Some of these funds went to support Pancho Villa in Mexico. German Ambassador to the USA Count von Bernstorff revealed that Adolph von Pavenstadt was the chief paymaster of the German spy system in the USA. von Pavenstadt was a senior partner in Amsinck & Co., which was at the time controlled by American International Corporation, which had people like Rockefeller, du Pont, Winthrop, Kahn and Stillman on the Board of Directors. It should be recalled the account by Lieutenant Colonel Maclean above of Trotsky's espionage activities in the USA and his contact with German officials. There is no doubt that Trotsky was on a mission for someone when he set sail for Russia on board Kristianiafjord along with a number of men with Wall Street connections.
William Boyce Thompson was Director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, a very important member of the international banking community of Wall Street. He paid for a Red Cross Mission to Russia in August 1917. The members of this mission were not medical personnel, and were far from being interested in relieving the pain and the suffering and the hardship of ordinary Russians. Thompson personally went on this 'mission' and took his secretary Cornelius Kelleher and a PR man Henry S Brown. Along with Thompson were a significant number of lawyers and business representatives. For example, Robert I Barr was on the mission. His job? Vice-President of Chase Securities Company and of Chase National Bank. Raymond Robins, a mining magnate, also tagged along. Thomas Day Thacher was another member. He was a lawyer for a firm specializing in railroad reorganization and mergers. Upon his arrival in Russia Thompson met with David Soskice, Kerensky's secretary, and agreed to contribute $2 million to a fund for publishing propaganda for the continuation of Russia fighting in the war, with appeals such as "Fight the Kaiser and save the [Kerensky] Revolution". Remember at this time Kerensky was still in power and the Bolshevik Revolution had not yet succeeded. It was Russia's involvement in the war which finally tipped the Russians into rebelling. But once the Bolsheviks were in power Thompson personally gave the Bolsheviks $1 million of his own money. This was reported in The Washington Post on 2nd February 1918. It was deposited in the National City Bank in Petrograd, the only bank to survive the Bolshevik nationalization decree.
So why would William Boyce Thompson, Director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, finance a mission to Russia under the disguise of humanitarianism, then donate $2 million to the Kerensky government to persuade Russia to stay in the war, and then donate $1 million to the Bolsheviks once they came into power and fund a pamphlet, entitled Pravda o Rossii i Bol'shevikakh, proclaiming the virtues of Bolshevism? In late 1917 Thompson sent a memorandum to British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, which began, "The Russian situation is lost and Russia lies entirely open to unopposed German exploitation ..." and concludes, "I believe that intelligent and courageous work will still prevent Germany from occupying the field to itself and thus exploiting Russia at the expense of the Allies." When Thompson left Russia in December 1917 to meet with Lloyd George and others he delegated control of the mission to Raymond Robins. By this time Great Britain had sent an agent of theirs, Bruce Lockhart, to Russia. Robins told Lockhart,
"You will hear it said that I am the representative of Wall Street; that I am the servant of William B. Thompson to get Altai copper for him; that I have already got 500,000 acres of the best timber land in Russia for myself; that I have already copped off the Trans-Siberian Railway; that they have given me a monopoly of the platinum of Russia; that this explains my working for the soviet .... You will hear that talk. Now, I do not think it is true, Commissioner, but let us assume it is true. Let us assume that I am here to capture Russia for Wall Street and American business men. Let us assume that you are a British wolf and I am an American wolf, and that when this war is over we are going to eat each other up for the Russian market; let us do so in perfectly frank, man fashion, but let us assume at the same time that we are fairly intelligent wolves, and that we know that if we do not hunt together in this hour the German wolf will eat us both up, and then let us go to work"
Lockhart had been selected by Lord Alfred Milner, who then persuaded David Lloyd George to send Lockhart to Russia. Lockhart was on a semi-official mission, not agreed to by the Foreign Office. Robins was there on personal business. Lockhart was given a letter of introduction by Maxim Litvinov, the unofficial Soviet ambassador to Great Britain. Lockhart assumed the role of the anti-Bolshevik British Ambassador to Russia Sir James Buchanan. According to Lockhart, Milner "believed in the highly organized state". Milner had been appointed by the Rothschilds to administer the fortune amassed by Cecil Rhodes, who had bequeathed the fortune to the Rothschilds to further British rule over the world. To do this Milner created "The Kindergarten" based at Oxford University, which led to the creation of "The Round Table", which led to the creation of The Royal Institute of International Affairs in the UK and its sister The Council on Foreign Relations in the USA to 'advise', i.e. instruct the governments of the USA and the UK what to do. So people like Milner were circumventing the official British ambassador to Russia to encourage and establish working relationships with the Bolsheviks through Lockhart, while pleas for help to destroy the Bolsheviks were ignored. President of the USA Woodrow Wilson was an open supporter of the Bolsheviks. American troops were sent to Russia during the Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, but were instructed not to intervene. Prime Minister of Great Britain Lloyd George also expressed support for the Bolsheviks.
Perhap the most famous claim of support for the Bolshevik Revolution comes from the Schiffs. Jacob Schiff had financed the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-5, which enabled Japan to win that war and for revolutionary ideas to propagate in Russia. The New York Journal-American of February 3, 1949 reported,
"Today it is estimated by Jacob's grandson, John Schiff, that the old man sank about 20,000,000 dollars for the final triumph of Bolshevism in Russia."
The White Russian General Arsene de Goulevitch wrote in his Czarism and the Revolution that,
Mr. Bakmetiev, the late Russian Imperial Ambassador to the United States, tells us that the Bolsheviks, after victory, transferred 600 million roubles in gold between the years 1918-1922 to [Schiff's] "Kuhn, Loeb Company."de Goulevitch also wrote,
"The main purveyors of funds for the revolution, however, were neither the crackpot Russian millionaires nor the armed bandits of Lenin. The 'real' money primarily came from certain British and American circles which for a long time past had lent their support to the Russian revolutionary cause....The important part played by the wealthy American banker, Jacob Schiff, in the events in Russia, though as yet only partially revealed, is no longer a secret."General Alexander Nechvolodov is quoted by de Goulevitch as stating in his book on the Bolshevik Revolution
In April 1917, Jacob Schiff publicly declared that it was thanks to his financial support that the revolution in Russia had succeeded.
This followed a report in The New York Times published 24th March 1917 which referred to a celebration held at The Carnegie Hall by Bolsheviks in New York to celebrate the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. At this meeting a telegram from Jacob Schiff was read out aloud in which Schiff expressed his regret that he was unable to attend such a gathering to celebrate the rewards of their years of hard work and labour to oust the Romanovs. To quote The NY Times article,
"An authority on Russian affairs, George Kennan, told of a movement by the Society of the Friends of Russian Freedom financed by Jacob H. Schiff, which had at the time of the Russo - Japanese war spread among 50,000 Russian officers and men in Japanese prison camps the gospel of the Russian revolutionists... ‘The movement was financed by a New York banker you all know and love,’ he said, referring to Mr. Schiff, ‘and soon we received a ton and a half of Russian revolutionary propaganda. At the end of the war 50,000 Russian officers and men went back to their country ardent revolutionists!’
"Mr. Parsons then arose and said: ‘I will now read a message from White Sulphur Springs sent by the gentleman [Schiff] to whom Mr. Kennan referred.’ This was the message:
" ‘Will you say for me to those present at tonight’s meeting how deeply I regret my inability to celebrate with the Friends of Russian Freedom the actual reward of what we had hoped and striven for these long years..."
Schiff's motivation for financing such a revolution against the Russian Monarchy may well be due to his religion; Judaism. In 1905 at the peace conference in Portsmouth, USA, between Russia and Japan following their war in 1904-5, in which Japan was financed by Schiff, Schiff told Count Witte, the Russian delegate,
Can it be expected that the influence of the American Jew upon public opinion will be exerted to the advantage of the country which systematically degraded his bretheren-in-race?...If the government now being formed should not succeed in assuring safety and equal opportunity throughout the empire to the Jewish population then indeed the time will come for the Jews in Russia to quit their inhospitable fatherland. While the problem which the civilized world will then face will be enormous, it will be solved, and you who are not only a far-seeing statesman but also a great economist know best that the fate of Russia, and its doom, will then be sealed.
This was reference to the continuation of the policy against Jews of the Russian government since the reign of Alexander III. Schiff rarely loaned, or was involved in raising money for, the Tsarist government. However Schiff immediately rushed to give Kerensky $1 million when he reached power, and encouraged his fellow international bankers to aid Kerensky. So was the Bolshevik Revolution a Jewish Revolution? I can understand why some believe it was Jewish; finance from wealthy Jews, many Jews in power etc. But I am not completely convinced the revolution was Jewish, perhaps in revenge for Alexander III's persecution. I am perhaps more convinced that this anger of Russian Jews was used by somebody to overthrow the Romanovs as requested by Albert Pike.
But back to Arsene de Goulevitch. A British source of finance is revealed,
On April 7, 1917, General Janin made the following entry in his diary ('Au G.C.C. Russe"-At Russian G.H.Q.-Le Monde Slave, Vol. 2, 1927, pp.296-297): Long interview with R., who confirmed what I had previously been told by M. After referring to the German hatred of himself and his family, he turned to the subject of the Revolution which, he claimed, was engineered by the English and, more precisely, by Sir George Buchanan and Lord (Alfred] Milner. Petrograd at the time was teeming with English..He could, he asserted, name the streets and the numbers of the houses in which British agents were quartered. They were reported, during the rising, to have distributed money to the soldiers and incited them to mutiny."
You will also read in this chapter that two British agents, Oswald Rayner and John Scales, were also very busy plotting to assassinate Rasputin, the man who had persuaded Nicholas II to withdraw from the war, which would have destroyed Pike's plan at the first hurdle.
De Goulevitch goes on to reveal,
"In private interviews I have been told that over 21 million roubles were spent by Lord Milner in financing the Russian Revolution."I don't think this was from Milner's private funds, but may well have been from the Rhodes Trust he was administering on behalf of the Rothschilds. But this does bring attention to Lord Milner's actions by sending Bruce Lockhart, despite protestations from the Foreign Office, to advise the Bolsheviks.
As an example of Lenin's motivations, and the influence Raymond Robins had over Lenin, the following is a quote from the memoirs of Bruce Lockhart,
I returned from our interview to our flat to find an urgent message from Robins requesting me to come to see him at once. I found him in a state of great agitation. He had been in conflict with Saalkind, a nephew of Trotsky and then Assistant Commissar for Foreign Affairs. Saalkind had been rude, and the American, who had a promise from Lenin that, whatever happened, a train would always be ready for him at an hour's notice, was determined to exact an apology or to leave the country. When I arrived he had just finished telephoning Lenin. He had delivered his ultimatum, and Lenin had promised to give a reply within ten minutes. I waited, while Robins fumed. Then the telephone rang and Robins picked up the receiver. Lenin had capitulated. Saalkind was dismissed from his post. But he was an old member of the Party. Would Robins have any objection if Lenin sent him [Saalkind] as a Bolshevik emissary to Berne? Robins smiled grimly. "Thankyou, Mr Lenin", he said, "As I can't send the son of a bitch to hell, 'burn' is the next best thing you can do with him".
Following Lenin taking control in St Petersburg, Wall Street and its friends were busy making sure he consolidated his power across the whole of Russia.
The Bolsheviks siezed power. They were not voted in by a trusting Russian proletariat. The Bolsheviks siezed power. They thought they knew what was best for the Russian people (or were on a mission to sieze power?). A civil war was bound to occur between the pro-Bolsheviks and the anti-Bolsheviks. The question was, how could the Bolsheviks consolidate their power? The Cheka was formed on 20th December 1917, and ran by Felix Dzerzhinsky. Dzerzhinsky was a friend of MI6 agent Sidney Reilly, and was advised by MI6 agent Captain George Hill on how to extinguish counter-revolution. The agenda for the Cheka was to investigate counter-revolution and sabotage, but this quickly expanded to arrest, imprisonment and execution of "enemies of the state". The Cheka, with Lenin's blessing after an attempt to assassinate him during the subsequent Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, orchestrated a campaign of repression known as "The Red Terror", which resulted in mass executions and the infamous gulags.
John Reed was the subject of the TV series Reds, directed by Warren Beatty and starring Beatty as Reed. Reed was a journalist, whose main source of income was from writing for Metropolitan, which was ultimately owned by Harry Payne Whitney, who was a JP Morgan goon. Reed wrote Ten days that Shook the World, his account of the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917. Reed was well known for his Bolshevik sympathy, and at one time was about to be executed in Finland, but a telegram from Harry Hopkins to the State Department requesting their assistance in having Reed released saved him. Hopkins would later run FDR's Lend-Lease program to the Soviets which armed the USSR, and which included the transfer of the nuclear bomb to the Soviets with Hopkins' consent. In fact, a number of times when Reed was in trouble or required assistance Reed received what he wanted through the intervention of William Franklin Sands, the executive secretary of American International Corporation (AIC), a corporation formed by Morgan, Stillman and Rockefeller, and based at 120 Broadway. Also based at 120 Broadway was the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the most powerful bank in the Federal Reserve system and therefore arguably in the world), the Bankers Club, General Electric, and Morgan's Guaranty Securities with Morgan's Guaranty Trust based across the road at 140 Broadway. AIC was asked by the State Department on what policy the USA should follow regarding the Bolsheviks. AIC replied that the Bolshevik government should be recognized by the USA asap. Why would a corporation such as AIC, with lots of Rockefeller and Morgan interest, want to immediately recognize a communist government? In a word, profit. But what I am trying to show is that behind all this there is something more sinister than lust for the vast Russian market. That lust was used to satisfy Pike's plan, and was not the ultimate aim. The aim here was to secure the Russian market to sustain and build a fledgling Communist state which had no money or economy.
Another resident of 120 Broadway, along with AIC, was Weinberg & Posner Engineering Co. Its Vice-President was Ludwig C A K Martens. In 1919 the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Bureau in New York, and appointed Martens as their representative at the bureau. The Russian economy had collapsed and was in dire need of materials, machinery and food. Martens was busy organizing contracts between American firms and the Bolshevik government. The Soviet Bureau received assistance from Morgan's Guaranty Trust, and employed Julius Hammer. Another employee was Kenneth Durant, a former aide to Coloned Edward Mandel House, author of the pro-Communist fictional novel Philip Dru, Administrator and the chief adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. When the offices of the Soviet Bureau were raided on 12th June 1919 by the Lusk Committee thousands of letters to and from American businessmen representing nearly one thousand firms were found. The British Home Office Directorate of Intelligence "Special Report No. 5 (Secret)," issued from Scotland Yard, London, July 14, 1919, and written by Basil H. Thompson, was based on this seized material; the report noted:
. . . Every effort was made from the first by Martens and his associates to arouse the interest of American capitalists and there are grounds for believing that the Bureau has received financial support from some Russian export firms, as well as from the Guarantee [sic] Trust Company, although this firm has denied the allegation that it is financing Martens' organisation...[Martens'] organization is a powerful weapon for supporting the Bolshevik cause in the United States and... he [Martens] is in close touch with the promoters of political unrest throughout the whole American continent.
A year later the Bolsheviks appointed Morgan's Guaranty Trust as their sole agent in the USA! About the same time as this appointment the Bolshevik's first bank Ruskombank was formed, to facilitate trade between the Bolsheviks and the rest of the world, with Max May of Morgan's Guaranty Trust as its Director. Thus Wall Street, or perhaps more specifically JP Morgan, captured the Russian market. The Bolsheviks paid for the goods received with Russian Imperial gold, and most of it went to Morgan's Guaranty Trust.
Ivy Lee was the Public Relations manager for the Rockefellers. Lee was asked by the Rockefellers to write pro-Bolshevik propaganda in the USA, for example proclaiming that the Bolsheviks were "misunderstood idealists who were actually kind benefactors of mankind." Lee would later do a similar job when he was asked by the Rockefellers to do the same thing in the USA for the Nazis.
Besides the economic, public relations and counter-revolutionary assistance, the Bolsheviks also received military assistance. For example, although American troops had been sent to Russia, they were told not to intervene against the Bolsheviks, and actually captured and protected the vital Siberian Railroad until the Bolsheviks could take control of it. Official State Department files show that guns and ammunition were also sent to the Bolsheviks. The 15th February 1920 edition of the New York Times published the following article regarding the passive status of the American troops in Russia which helped the Bolsheviks;
VLADIVOSTOK PRO-AMERICAN Revolutionist Staff Thanks Graves for Preserving Neutrality VLADIVOSTOK, Feb 1. (Associated Press) -- Parades, street meetings and speechmaking marked the second day today of the city's complete liberation from Kolchak authority. Red flags fly on every Government building, many business houses and homes. There is a pronounced pro-American feeling evident. In front of the American headquarters the revolutionary leaders mounted steps of buildings across the street, making speeches calling the Americans real friends, who at a critical time saved this present movement. The people insist upon an allied policy of no interference internationally in political affairs. The General Staff of the new Government at Nikolak has telegraphed to the American commander, Major Gen. Graves, expressing its appreciation for efforts toward guaranteeing an allied policy of non-interference during the occupation of the city, also in aiding in a peaceful settlement of the local situation.
So people like Director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York William Boyce Thompson sailed to Russia and spent millions of dollars financing one revolutionary movement, and then the other. What was he expecting to gain? We must again thank Antony C Sutton for supplying the answer. Sutton authored the definitive account of who was awarded which contracts and natural resources from the Bolshevik dictatorship in his trilogy, Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development, which undoubtedly proves that Soviet Russia was "Made in the West". The bulk of the contracts to build Soviet Russia from a broken, starving state into a potential power went to British and American corporations, and a few went to German corporations.
The start of the war did not go so well for Great Britain. Germany was surprisingly strong, resilient and resourceful, and Great Britain was struggling to raise finance for fear it would not win the war. There were even fears that Great Britain would have to seek peace with Germany on German terms. So for Great Britain it was very important that America should join the war on its side as soon as possible.
The Lusitania was used as a passenger liner, but was actually registered as an armed auxilliary cruiser. Perhaps as evidence of the anticipation of war, in May 1913 The Lusitania was fitted with deck guns and passenger accommodation was removed to make space for cargo. JP Morgan was the sole agent for the British Government for war materials. Morgan was illegaly shipping war materials and ammunition in the cargo holds of passenger ships such as The Lusitania, which was actually owned by his shipping rival Cunard and was thus expendable.
The Germans were aware that The Lusitania was being used to carry war material, and protested this to the American government without reply. Before The Lusitania set sail the German Embassy in America tried to place adverts in fifty American newspapers warning any potential American passsengers on The Lusitania not to sail on her, but the US State Department threatened the papers with court action if the ads were run. Only one paper published the warning.
On the night of 7th May 1915 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill knew of the large presence of German U-boats off the coast of Southern Ireland, which was on the route The Lusitania was taking. The Lusitania was supposed to rendezvous with the destroyer Juno who would then escort her through the waters known to be infested with German U-boats, but Juno was recalled, apparently because she was thought unfit for the job. No other escort was sent. Several ships had been sunk in the area during the 24 hours before The Lusitania was hit. So why was The Lusitania ordered to sail at only 75% power, unescorted and in U-boat infested waters?
Churchill left the Admiralty that day to go to France for a holiday. Was Churchill unaware of the German warnings?
The Lusitania was attacked and sunk. The British and American media went berserk condemning Germany for sinking a passenger ship. However, the British and American public were not made aware of its use for illegaly supplying arms, thus deliberately risking the lives of any passengers on board. A cover-up followed chaired by Lord Mersey, who later referred to the whole episode as "damned dirty business". The US Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan wrote a note to President Woodrow Wilson indicating his suspicion of the sinking of The Lusitania and the way in which the sinking was being used by elements within the British and American governments. Bryan wrote
Germany has a right to prevent contraband going to the allies and a ship carrying contraband should not rely upon passengers to protect her from attack - it would be like putting women and children in front of an army.
Yes, the passengers on board The Lusitania were being used as a human shield. And if the Germans should sink it then the outrage could be used to drag America into the war. Bryan resigned over this sinking, having become totally disenchanted with the Woodrow Wilson administration.
To support the thesis that The Lusitania was allowed to be sunk to arouse the American public, during the day The Lusitania was attacked a meeting took place between King George V, Lord Grey and Colonel Mandel House during which House was asked by Grey, "what will Americans do if the Germans sink an ocean liner with Americans on board?". House replied that America would be outraged and probably join the war. King George responded, "Suppose they should sink The Lusitania with Americans on board...?"
Although this sordid episode did not immediately convince the American public it should join the war, the sinking of The Lusitania gave the war party in America a great deal of support and momentum and did turn public opinion.
The MI6 chief of North America was Sir William Wiseman. In March 1916 Wiseman and House came to a secret arrangement that was formally sanctioned by Wilson that the USA would enter the war on the side of Great Britain. The arrangement was that the USA, as a "neutral", would offer to mediate between Great Britain and Germany with a view to cease hostilities, and if either side refused then the USA would enter the war supporting the other side. The trick was that the terms for cessation of hostilities would be so loaded against Germany that Germany would refuse and the USA would then enter the war on the side of the "righteous" Great Britain. This tactic to bring the USA into the war on the side of Great Britain was never enacted, but this does show that elements within the USA were prepared to avoid proper channels and go behind the backs of the US Government to defend Great Britain in war. As payoff for his "good" work in getting Trotsky released from arrest at Nova Scotia, and for forging this agreement with House, Wiseman was awarded with a top job with Kuhn, Loeb & Co., which was managed by Jacob Schiff, arguably the financier of The Bolshevik Revolution.
America joined the war in April 1917 following an intense propaganda campaign in which The Lusitania was a major argument. On 16th April 1917 the USA officially declared war on the Axis powers. This then allowed the USA to legally loan Great Britain and France desperately needed money, because the allies had reached their credit limit.
At about the same time Trotsky and Lenin were sent into Russia; Lenin from Switzerland by Max Warburg, and Trotsky from New York with a number of men connected with Wall Street and President Wilson.
The timing of the entry of the USA into WW1 is very interesting. The USA formally declared war on 16th April 1917. It was around this time that Trotsky was preparing to board the SS Kristianiafjord for Russia, and Lenin was preparing to board his sealed train from Switzerland to Russia, to control the re-revolution in Russia. The money for these two came from Germany, and the aim of the operation was to take Russia out of the war, which would mean more German troops would join their Western Front from the Eastern Front to fight the British and French. Germany may well have beaten the Allies had it not been for the USA. So was the entry of the USA timed such that the war dragged on and on long enough to drive the Russians into revolution, for if the USA had joined after the sinking of The Lusitania then the war would have been over quickly, not much proft would have been made, and the Russian monarchy would have been in tact.
The War Loan Act, passed shortly after the USA had officialy declared war on the Axis, allowed the lending of $1 billion to the allies. This was lent to Great Britain and France who then passed it onto their agent JP Morgan to pay for the war materials he had supplied them. This amount was insufficient and JP Morgan had to be bailed out by Wilson. Through the magic of Fractional Reserve Banking the Federal Reserve was able to create the "money" and pay the creditors of Great Britain and France in US dollars. In fact during the 1915 to 1920 the amount of dollars in circulation doubled from $20 billion to $40 billion, all created out of nothing.
The Covenant of The League of Nations was proposed by Woodrow Wilson at the Versailles Conference, and is set out in articles 1 to 30 in The Treaty of Versailles. It had 32 original members, and invited 13 others to join. Its headquarters were in Geneva, and the money for this headquarters came from...the Rockefellers. Yes, the same Rockefellers who had financed the war through the Federal Reserve. The USA was one of the original members. In order to join the League of Nations the USA had to debate and vote on it. Wilson travelled across the USA arguing in favour of joining, almost killing himself from exhaustion, but the Senate voted against joining. Without the finance from the Federal Reserve the League of Nations was doomed.
Another global institution to be created in the aftermath of world war 1 was The Bank for International Settlements, whose purpose was to process the reparations payments set out in The Treaty of Versailles. Its agenda quickly assumed co-ordination of central banking policies across the globe. The Bank for International Settlements was a privately owned bank.
So following World War 1,
You should not therefore find it surprising that in the sordid blood-drenched story of World War 2, the same names, tricks and outcomes occur.